A maleic anhydride reactor is a specialized chemical reactor used to produce maleic anhydride (MA), typically through the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons such as n-butane or benzene. The reactor operates at high temperatures, often using vanadium-phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts to facilitate the oxidation process. Heat exchangers are incorporated to manage the heat released during the exothermic reaction, ensuring temperature control. …

Stainless steel 310S tubes refers to welded (ASTM A249) or seamless (ASTM A213) boiler, superheater, heat-exchanger and condenser tubes made from austenitic stainless steel TP310S. It is a modified version from 304 stainless steel with increased chromium and nickel for improved strength and better oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. The primary feature of TP310S tubes is their excellent oxidation and …

Hydraulic tube expansion in heat exchangers is a method where tubes are expanded and sealed into a tubesheet by applying hydraulic pressure. This process can be divided into two main techniques: Bladder/Mandrel System: A clean and controlled method where a mandrel expands the tube without getting it wet. It is precise and efficient for thick tubesheets, as it completes the …

Heat exchanger tubes made in accordance with ASTM A213 are seamless low alloy steel (Cr-Mo alloy steel) or austenitic stainless steel tubes used for heat transferring in high-temperature and corrosive applications. These tubes are known for their excellent mechanical properties, including strength and resistance to oxidation and corrosion in demanding environments. In a heat exchanger, the tube sheet is a …

Boiler tube plugging refers to the process of sealing off a damaged or leaking tube to prevent further leakage or malfunction without needing to immediately replace the tube. The plugging operation is done by inserting and expanding specially designed plugs made from materials like steel or copper into both ends of the boiler tube. This technique allows the boiler to …

In oil extraction, wellhead pressure monitoring is critical. Instrument tubing connects the pressure sensors in the oil well to ground-level control devices, measuring wellhead pressure and helping operators adjust production rates to prevent blowouts or pressure loss. The material used for instrument tubing in oil well pressure monitoring typically needs to withstand high pressure, corrosion, and maintain high strength, as …

UNS C12200 is a commercially pure copper that is phosphorus deoxidized, with high residual phosphorus. It is also known as DHP copper. It is widely used for the manufacture of seamless copper water tubes in accordance with ASTM B88. The UNS C12200 seamless copper tubes are mainly intended for general pluming and the conveyance of other similar fluids. They are …

ASTM B88 UNS C12200 copper tubes are seamless copper water tubes made from copper alloy UNS C12200, which is a commercially pure copper that has been deoxidized with phosphorus, leaving a relatively high residual phosphorus content. It is not susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, but is of relatively low electrical conductivity due to the amount of phosphorus present. UNS C12200 is …

ASTM B88 copper tubes are seamless copper water tubes suitable for general pluming, similar applications for the conveyance of fluids. These tubes are available in nominal or standard size 1/2″ through 12″, and are classified into three types according the wall thickness: Type K, Type L, and Type M. They shall be marked with different color codes: green for Type …

The 904L seamless tubing usually refers to seamless boiler, superheater, and heat exchanger tubes made from super austenitic stainless steel UNS N08904 in accordance with ASTM A213 (ASME SA-213). 904L (UNS N08904) is a high corrosion-resistant austenitic stainless steel alloy with the nominal composition 44Fe-25Ni-21Cr-Mo. It offers exceptional resistance to general and pitting corrosion, especially in sulfuric and phosphoric acid …

ASTM A688 welded stainless steel tubes are usually furnished in the form of U tubes for application in tubular feedwater heaters. According to the supplementary requirement S1, each welded tube in finished condition prior to bending, shall be tested by passing it through an electric nondestructive tester capable of detecting defects on the entire cross section of the tube. This …

ASTM A249 welded stainless steel tubes are widely used in various industries working as heat exchanger, boiler, superheater, and condenser tubes. Compared to the seamless tubing, these welded stainless steel tubes offer several significant advantages: Cost Effective Manufacture The manufacturing process for ASTM A249 welded stainless steel tubes is more efficient and less costly compared to seamless tubes made to …